Fabrics & Reinforcements
Unidirectional (UD)
Nearly all load-bearing fibres run in one direction. This is the most structurally efficient architecture when the dominant load path is known.
In simple terms
Nearly all load-bearing fibres run in one direction. This is the most structurally efficient architecture when the dominant load path is known.
Best for
Maximum axial stiffness and strength, tailored laminates, AFP/ATL tape, winding and spar caps.
Watch out for
Very weak transverse to the fibres unless combined with off-axis plies; loose dry UD is difficult to handle manually unless stitched, stabilised or supplied as prepreg.
Typical applications
Wing and blade spars, pressure vessels, beams, racing structures and local load paths.
Related tools
Use the calculators to turn these concepts into preliminary engineering estimates.