Invar, steel and aluminium

Metal tools offer machinability and stable surfaces, but mass, thermal inertia and expansion differ strongly.

In simple terms

Metal tools offer machinability and stable surfaces, but mass, thermal inertia and expansion differ strongly.

Durable production tools and heated matched moulds.

Invar minimises mismatch but is heavy and costly; aluminium heats quickly but expands much more than most CFRP lay-ups.

Autoclave skins, RTM tools, compression moulds and fixtures.

Related tools

Use the calculators to turn these concepts into preliminary engineering estimates.